Use Of Standard And Non Standard English | Examples

Use Of type And Non measure side of meat Examples setting The loudspeaker it talking more(prenominal) than or less former(a) musician Lilly Allens anti-file-sharing campaign. synopsis The speaker put ons the leger innit which is a reduced form of Standard slope isnt it moreover much than widely employ. It is apply in this lineament as a global purpose tag meaning is that non the case?. The tendency to cater a tag question is very common among Estuary speakers at the cockney end of the spectrum. Short and snappy tags argon especi all in ally popular, just kindred innit?, right?, do I?. Tag questions do not previse an answer. They ar solo theatrical role to increase a dramatic execution or to check that the person being addressed is actually listening. In this case speaker is trying to increase a dramatic center of his annoyance with the issue. gunpoint 2I am gutted to be injured. loudspeaker Footballer Wayne Rooney earr each(prenominal) Readers of Daily Mir ror bodyguard serene at 23/10/2010Context He is talking about that he leave not be able to assist United on the pitch be feature he exit spend the next three weeks get from an ankle injury.Analysis forge gutted is a informal ( apply) term unremarkably used all over the country by many speakers. It is uniformwise very widely used by footballers after a letdown like in this case when speaker tells the audience that he is disconnected about his injury.As Online Slang Dictionary gives the definition as1. Upset, disappointed. British slang. (Adjective)Word gutted was added to the OED in its 1993 edition, with quotations going back only to 1984 (but, of course, it could be to a greater extent older in speech). Their senses for it are bitterly disappointed devastated, shattered utterly fed up. Speaker is using this discussion to express his disappointment.Item 3Why, its what Im obliged to keep a little of in the house to model into the blessed infants Daffy, when they aint s ound, Mr. Bumble, replied Mrs. Mann as she opened a corner cupboard, and took down a bottle and glass.Speaker Mrs. Mann, one of the characters of Charles Dickinsons novel Oliver Twist.Audience Novel lectors go out Collected at 10/11/2010Context The speaker, Mrs. Mann is a cleaning woman who runs the stripage where Oliver grows up and she is talking with other character Mr. Brumble about orphan children.Analysis The character use sound out aint which is a conversationalism and compressing for am not, is not, are not, has not, and lease not. Charles Dickens used aint form in the speech of many working- or middle-class characters in his works as a Cockney parlance. It is typically associated with working class citizens of capital of the United Kingdom, who were called cockneys which as a word come from a Middle slope cokenei, which means city dweller.This kind of idiomatic expression has many primary characteristics and one of them is using aint. whatever(prenominal) of the traits of cockney speech suggest the lower classes to whatsoever observers and not stark(a) infra tining of the incline voice communication.Item 4I dont want no drinkSpeaker FriendAudience MeDate Collected at 17/11/2010Context Spoken by my friend when I extradite offered to buy him a drink.Analysis Speaker uses double minus which is use of more than one ostracize to make a negative statement. In Old side of meat, the more negative particles thrown in the stronger the negative and I deem this is what speaker was trying to achieve. Emphatic double negative has a long history in English. Although directly it is used in informal phrase to intensify a negative meaning, its considered unacceptable in Standard English run-in. It is because of the construction of standard address. When we use double negatives they are foundationceling severally other out, leaving a positive meaning, rather than increase a negative.Item 5Hes my mate.Speaker FriendAudience MeDate Collecte d at 10/11/2010Context Conversation amidst me and my friend on Face al-Quran about his close friend.Analysis Speaker used the word mate. It is a non-standard from and in Standard English we would use friend. Word mate is tend to use by Estuary English speakers. In this case speaker is using this form with intention to create a puzzle of solidarity with the person being addressed. Mate is a genial class word and tends to be dropped by Estuary speakers as they progress up the friendly scale.Item 6Still, You gotta admitSpeaker One of the characters in teenagers comic book Buffy the Vampire Slayer.Audience TeenagersDate Collected at 10/11/2010Context dialog mingled with two characters in comic book.Context This word is used as a short for got to. It is form of non-standard English and is we counterchange it to standard form it will say You got to admit. This form is used because teenagers are the audience, and it is mainly used by them as a slang word. So by using this form the author makes a moment easy to read and understand for young audience.Item 7C U later.Speaker My friendAudience MeDate Collected at 15/11/2010Context Text message received from my friend.Analysis This message is written in unacceptable English. SMS style does not ceaselessly obey or follow standard grammar. In Standard English this destine should say I will see you later. SMS speech is a term for the abbreviations and slang most commonly used due to the needed brevity of mobile phone messaging. It can be likened to a rebus, which uses pictures and star letters or numbers to represent unharmed words. For words which make up no common abbreviation, users most commonly remove the vowels from a word, and the reader is required to interpret a string of consonants by re-adding the vowels. This type of verbiage is used because it saves more time in communicating between each other.Item 8To move is to stir and to be valiant is to standtherefore, if thou art moved, thou runnst away .Speaker Gregory, on of the characters of William Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet.Audience ReadersDate Collected at 18/11/2010Context Dialog between two characters in a play.Analysis Shakespeare uses word thou. The word thou (in most dialects) is a second person singular pronoun in English. It is now largely archaic and its been replaced in almost all contexts by you. It is now used today as a Standard English language but it is still used in parts of northerly England, some(a) Scots dialects, and a handful of US towns.Item 9The internet is lots held up as the main reason for declining theme sales and dwindling revenues.Speaker University of Oxford on University website.Audience Readers of the websiteDate Collected at 15/11/2010Context Article about The next of the international unfermenteds industry.Analysis It is Standard English Language. It is used because it is intercommunicate by University of Oxford which use high level of spoken language and use correct grammar.Item 1 0Every time you open your talk to speak, there are infinite possibilities in terms of the words which you skill choose and their potential combinations.Speaker Teachers notesAudience StudentsDate Received month agoContext Notes about languageAnalysis Teacher used Standard Language because of the importance of notes, document for students which should be written in this form of language.Section 3There is a big course about if strong accents and dialects are dying out. It is important first to condone meaning of those two terms which are used very often interchangeable but in linguistic terms they refer to contrasting aspects of language variation. Accent as a term is reserved for whole patterns of pronunciation typical of a particular region or social group. The term dialect covers more differences including pronunciation and distinctions in vocabulary and sentence structure. Based on many surveys, researchers declare that its a big be amiss that regional dialects and accents in English Language are disappearing. They try to put forward that all languages are constantly changing and some words will disappear from common use only to be replaced by other. Those changes energy be a result of political or social pressures, such(prenominal) immigration, colonisation or invasion. Language changes the most by population influencing each other. Through interactions with speakers of unlike age, gender and ethnicity, social and educational background and from assorted geographical places we encounter and integrate in our own speech new words, pronunciations and expressions. Work of Lesley Milroy shows how open social communicates are important factors in language change. I her famous study in Belfast she investigated three hapless working -class communities with a high incidence of unemployment Ballymacarrell, Hammer and Clonard and she were introduced to them as a friend of a friend. She was able to maintain contact with these groups over a period of time d uring which she was able to investigate the connection between the desegregation of individuals in the community and the way they speak. She incorporated into her analysis a description of two types of social networks to which her speakers belonged open in which the number of community ties in the network is low (not everyone knows everyone else) and closed in which each member of the network has several ties with other members of network. Result of her study showed the importance of closed networks for dialect maintenance. Those networks tend to be conservative force on change in language in the community. They enable people to maintain non-standard dialects, rural or urban, despite pressure from standard language through education or media. Because people are tend to be more socially and geographically mobile these days we are more possible to live in opened networks and those present more favorable conditions for language change as such networks lack a linguistic norm of their own.There is another(prenominal) increasing evidence that Standard English dialects are coming under pressure by Estuary English, regional varieties spoken in and around London and as the originator of the term ,David Rosewarne, described it a mixture of non-regional and topical anesthetic anesthetic south-easter English pronunciation and intonation (Rosewarne,1994 3).The broadcast media are playing the biggest intention in these changes. Sociolinguists (Stuart-Smith et al., 2006) have observed that young working-class adolescents in Glasgow, who had no direct contact with Southern English but are deplore viewers of network soap operas such as Eastenders, are heart-to-heart of reproducing Media Cockney forms in spontaneous interaction with each other. This shows how broadcast media are opening up a repertoire of different speaking styles (including accents) oddly for younger speakers and how they influence them.Through many years, some English dialects have been treated more po sitively than others. People always have been make assumptions based on the way how we speak by judging some dialects or accents as being too posh, aggressive, unfriendly, harsh, unintelligent or common. For drill speakers of prestige accent, known as Received Pronunciation (RP) are rated more highly than regionally accented speakers in terms of general competence (e.g. ambition, intelligence, self-confidence, determination and industriousness. This accent was spoken by merchant classes of London in the fourteen century and was familiar to students attending the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the Middle Ages and today it is a preferred pronunciation for reading BBC news bulletins and for teaching English as a second language. This is how use of RP by members of middle and stop number classes was a sign of prestige and status when more regionally label accents were treated opposite. In conclusion the higher up the social scale, the more likely is to find the single acc ent-RP, the lower down the social scale, the more likely is to find regional variation. This is how Birmingham accent is often disliked in terms of its nasal whine, because of its association with a large industrial conurbation. oftentimes more positive reaction will be registered for the Southern Irish accent which will be praised for sounding soft and warm. Same as other accents with similar ethnic rural associations such as Welsh, stinting and West Country accents will evoke positive judgments.Many people suffer because of this irrational prejudice. Im polish and I speak with a different accent and most of the time people are making deductions from it about my person, my job, character and my status. But I commit that the fact that we judge some of the dialects and accents as more posh or intelligent than others is based more on social, rather than linguistic criteria. I think dialects and accents should be a source of pride and a reflection of cultural identity but in the same time I think that language change should not be perceived as a negative thing. close to of the contemporary linguistic commentators accept those changes in language like changes in society which are unavoidable. English language has always been changing and will continue to do so, but I think we need to think about this as a positive process, process occasionally unfortunate but loosely the one which is renewing and refreshing English language making it flexible and very modern but still wake huge links to its past.Section 4Use of standard and non-standard English may cause many difficulties in many educational situations. To let off this I would like to concentrate first on what standard and non-standard language is. Standard language is the type of language which is thought as a correct in schools, using correct grammar and avoiding slang words and expressions and mostly used in formal situations. This type of language is written in a correct form of spelling and it is spoke n in a standard accent such as English Received Pronunciation. Non-standard language is mostly used in informal situations and its using grammars and words and accents which are special to a particular place. It often contains expressions which are regarded as fallacious in standard language.Children first identify themselves with language of their parents and they construct language system which accords well with those around them. As they increasingly interact with siblings and other relatives, they disclose the language of interaction with peers or language of the neighborhood (the local anaesthetic dialect).In school they meet different form of language, Standard English. Therefore they saltation to learn that they have different identities which they share with their families, friends and community and that they have a linguistic loyalty to them. Children usually cope well with this mismatch they learn there is a school language and how to switch from that language to langu age they speak at shell. This process is called code switching. But it similarly cause lots of difficulties and teachers are trying to help children to become more advised of the grammatical differences between the formal Standard English and the informal home language. These way children learn how to select appropriate language to use in the given context. As a part of a government vaporize programme, banning British children from speaking patois in school, student at one of the schools at South London were taught that speaking non-standard language is only appropriate in certain circumstances and that they need to use Standard English. Inspectors found that children were using very often in their work local speech, colloquial phrases and Creole. Bill Cosby, one of the most famous American comedians was musical accompaniment up this campaign. He was mainly concerned about constant use of street slang contributing to educational failure of black pupils, particularly boys from A fro-Caribbean backgrounds. This playground patois has become the only way of communication for some children very badly take uping their educational achievements. Emma Thompson, famous British actress also commented about the necessity of speaking two different types of English. Her comments were based on recent studies which have shown that half of teenenagers cant see the difference between Standard English grammar and colloquial language. This is all happening because of use of social networking websites and the popularity of mobile phone text messaging which is undermining childrens literacy skills. Also TV programmes which use a great deal of slang are an issue. Some parents and teachers have complained in the past that children are choiceing up slang and catchphrases from reflection TV programs, and the hearing poor English on television can affect the way kids write and speak. Even some of the MPs were disordered about the use of slang and non-standard English on children shows. They were worried that children would pick up bad habits and they will start using some of the phrases like aint and you was.I think teachers should have a biggest impact on children in using the right form of language by showing children that all equivalent forms of language are correct when they are used appropriately. sooner of regarding that Standard English is correct in all cases and outlawing all dialect forms we need to explain to students that both, their Standard English and local dialects are legal to use but in the different context for which they are appropriate. secondly teachers should encourage students to use spoken Standard English in the classroom, not by correcting them but by giving them experience of speaking in many different kinds of public roles such as judges, newsreaders or interviewers. They could curb part in oral presentations presented to several classes or even had a chance to ask questions some of the visitors to the school like of police men or firemen.Children should be able to see difference between standard language and colloquial language and should be able to know when to use it. I believe not being able to do so could hugely affect their future. Children who are only fluent in non-standard language are more likely to have problems in academic field. Those who only speak nonstandard form of English have often difficulty reading and opus with proficiency in Standard English. This leads to situation that children are uneducated and in a future they are less likely to advance their careers. exploitation proper language overall leads to higher pay jobs, bigger social mobility and a great social success. It creates powerful impression when we speak Standard English. Other people see us as intelligent and well informed when we use correct grammar and when we show high level of vocabulary. It opens up opportunities that are closed for those who use any form of non-standard language.BibliographyClass notes interact information for Access English Language Level 3Coggle, P. (1993). Do you speak Estuary? BloomsburyMilroy, J. Milroy, L. (1999). Authority in Language Investigating StandardEnglish. tertiary edn. London and New York Routledge.Milroy, L. (1980). Language and social networks. 3rd edn. Oxford.Milroy, L. (1987). Observing and Analysing cancel Language A Critical Accountof Sociolinguistic Method. London common basil Blackwell.Montgomery, M. 1995. An introduction to language and society. 3rd edn. London.http//www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/ current/2009/09/27/musician-slams-file-sharing-rant-115875-21705142/http//www.mirror.co.uk/sport/latest/2010/10/23/rooney-determined-to-regain-form-115875-22652926/http//www.online-literature.com/dickens/olivertwist/3/http//www.bbc.co.uk/cult/buffy/ecomics/baddog/02.shtmlhttp//shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/romeo_juliet.1.1.htmlhttp//www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2010/101122.html